A Retrospective Study of the Yo-Yo IE2 Test: Can It be Used to Differentiate Between Different Levels of Futsal Referees?

D. Dixon^1,

¹Applied Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Health Sport and Bioscience, University of East London. London, UK

Cite this paper

D. Dixon. A Retrospective Study of the Yo-Yo IE2 Test: Can It be Used to Differentiate Between Different Levels of Futsal Referees?. American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2014; 2(3):93-97. doi: 10.12691/AJSSM-2-3-5

Abstract

Recently FIFA have called on referees to be fitter and to look like athletes therefore the aim of this research was to retrospectively examine the results from the fitness test results undertaken by Futsal referees operating in and below the National Futsal League. Futsal is the FIFA sanctioned form of 5 a side football and is controlled by two referees who operate up and down the touchlines either side of the pitch. Research has shown that the referees operating at an average intensity of 76% heart rate maximum (HRmax)HRMAX and spent more time sprinting and working at high intensity compared to referees in the 11 a side game. Currently FIFA recommend a. and as such the current 1000 m run, but this is not thought to match the actual movements or intensity of futsal referees or matches. As such the Yo-Yo IE2 test was introduced this season as it has been found to correlate highly with high intensity running (r=0.75; p<0.05). Twenty-two National group and 36 Non-national group futsal referees underwent pre-season testing which in-cooperating the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Level 2 Fitness Test, a sprint test and a 70 m agility run test. The result showed a trivial effect size difference for Yo-Yo IE2 test distance (0.21), a small effect size difference for 40 m speed test and a extremely large effect size difference for agility run. A moderate to large correlation was found between age and Yo-Yo IE2 distance (r=-0.577) and BMI and Yo-Yo IE2 distance (r=-0.452). Therefore the Yo-Yo IE2 can be used to differentiate between different levels of futsal referees and it may be possible to use the test to identify those referees who show the fitness attributes for further development.

Keywords

fitness testing, Yo-Yo IE2, futsal, referee, indoor soccer, physiology

Copyright

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

[1]	Dǒgramaci, SN, Watsford, ML, A comparison of two different methods for time-motion analysis in team sports. International Journal of Performance and Analysis in Sport, 6(1), pp73-83, 2006.
[2]	Barbero, JC, Soto VM, Granda J, Match analysis and heart rate of futsal players during competition. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27, (1), pp1-11, 2007.
[3]	Krustrup, P, Mohr, M, and Bangsbo, J, Activity profile and physiological demands of top-class soccer assistant refereeing in relation to training status. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20, pp 861-871, 2002.
[4]	Rebelo, AN., Ascensão, AA., Magalhães, J. F., Bischoff, R., Bendiksen, M., & Krustrup, P. Elite futsal refereeing; activity profile and physiological demands, The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(4), pp 980-987, 2011.
[5]	FIFA Regulations on the Organisation of Refereeing in FIFA Member Associations. http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/28/10/42/defs_regulationsorganisationrefereeinginfifama_inhalt.pdf. Downloaded on 15th November 2013.
[6]	Weston, M., Castagna, C., Impellizzeri, F.M., Bizzini, M., Williams, A.M., and Gregson, W. Science and medicine applied to soccer refereeing: an update. Sports Medicine 42, pp 615-31, 2012.
[7]	Batterham, AM. and Hopkins, WG. 'Making meaningful inferences about magnitudes', International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 1 (1), pp.50-57, 2006.
[8]	UEFA Futsal referees given fitness guidance http://www.uefa.org/footballfirst/matchorganisation/refereeing/news/newsid=2024421.html, downloaded 13th November 2013.
[9]	Bangsbo, J. & Mohr, M. Fitness Testing in Football: fitness training in Soccer II. Bangsosport, 2011.
[10]	UEFA. Referees urged to set standards http://www.uefa.org/footballfirst/matchorganisation/refereeing/news/newsid=1990079.html. Downloaded 3rd September 2013.
[11]	Dixon D. (2013). Unpublished data from fitness testing of FA Futsal referees.
[12]	Saltin B. Physiological effects of physical conditioning. Medicine and Science in Sport. 1(1). pp50-56, 1969.
[13]	Bradley, P. S., Mohr, M., Bendiksen, M., Randers, M. B., Flindt, M., Barnes, C., Hood, P., Gomez, A., Andersen, JL., Di Mascio, M., Bangsbo, J. and & Krustrup, P. Sub-maximal and maximal Yo–Yo intermittent endurance test level 2: heart rate response, reproducibility and application to elite soccer. European journal of applied physiology, 111(6), pp969-978, 2011
[14]	Krustrup P., Randers, MB., Horton, J., Brito, J. and Rebelo, A. Ecological validity of the Yo-Yo SFIE2 test. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 33; pp432-438, 2012.
[15]	Castagna, C., Bendiksen, M., Impellizzeri, F. M. & Krustrup, P. Reliability, sensitivity and validity of the assistant referee intermittent endurance test (ARIET) – a modified Yo-Yo IE2 test for elite soccer assistant referees, Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(8), pp767-775, 2012.