Accuracy of Force Exertion in Response to Demanded Forces Based on Subjective Information and Laterality

Takanori Noguchi^1, , Shinichi Demura² and Masashi Omoya³

¹Department of Industrial Business and Engineering, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui, Japan

²Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

³Guraduate School of Human & Socio-Environmental Studied, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

Cite this paper

Takanori Noguchi, Shinichi Demura and Masashi Omoya. Accuracy of Force Exertion in Response to Demanded Forces Based on Subjective Information and Laterality. American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2014; 2(5):190-193. doi: 10.12691/AJSSM-2-5-3

Abstract

The strength required for motor activities should be exerted effectively according to the type of activity and the load size. This study examined the relationship between the accuracy of handgrip exertion for demanded forces of 20%–80% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and laterality. Subjects were 100 healthy young males (mean age, 22.4 ± 2.8 years). After the handgrip MVC was measured, subjects attempted to exert a handgrip at demanded forces of 20, 40, 60, and 80% of the MVC. All tests were performed twice and with dominant and non-dominant hands, and mean values were used for statistical analysis. Differences between demanded forces and exerted forces were converted into relative values based on each subject’s MVC. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed significant interaction between demanded forces and laterality. In multiple comparison tests, smaller demanded forces were associated with larger errors only in the non-dominant hand. For demanded forces of 20% and 40% MVC errors were smaller for the dominant hand than for the non-dominant hand. The non-dominant hand is used less than the dominant hand in daily life and in sport activities. It is therefore not unexpected that a laterality-based difference in the accuracy of exerted force for each demanded force is found, and the accuracy of exerted force at low demanded forces was inferior for the non-dominant hand. In conclusion, there was a difference in the accuracy of exerted force for each demanded force for the non-dominant hand with a larger error at lower demanded forces. In particular, the accuracy of exerted force in response to demanded forces of 40% MVC or less was inferior in the non-dominant hand compared with that in the dominant hand. Laterality is therefore a significant factor in force response to lower demanded force values.

Keywords

laterality, handgrip, control the power

Copyright

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

[1]	Kaneko, M., Furukawa, S., Ito, K. and Muraki, Y., “Adjustment of the strength to the stroke movement in the badminton: a difference of every school year of the female junior high school badminton player,” The Japan Journal of Sport Methodology, 21 (2). 157-165. 2008.
[2]	Ohtsuki, T., “Skillful of Brain and Voluntary Exercise,” 46 (6). 444-446. 1996.
[3]	Seki,T. and Ohtsuki,T., “Reproducibility of subjectively graded voluntary isometric muscle strength in unilateral and simultaneous bilateral exertion,” Ergonomics, 38 (9). 1867-1876. Sept 1995.
[4]	Sadamoto, T. and Ohtsuki, T., “Accuracy of Output Control in Jumping: Characteristics in Grading and Reproduction of Distance,” Japan Journal of Physical Education, 22 (4). 215-229. 1977.
[5]	Noguchi, T., Demura, S. and Aoki, H., “Superiority of the dominant and nondominant hands in static strength and controlled force exertion,” Perceptual and Motor Skills, 109 (2). 339-346. Oct 2009.
[6]	Chi J.G., Dooling E.C. and Gilles F.H., “Left-right asymmetry of the temporal speech areas of human fetus,” Archives of Neurology, 34 (6). 346-348. Jun 1977.
[7]	Demura, S., Yamaji, S., Goshi, F. and Nagasawa, Y., “Lateral dominance of legs in maximal muscle power, muscular endurance, and grading ability” Perceptual and Motor Skills, 93 (1). 11-23. Aug 2001.
[8]	Nagasawa, Y. and Demura, S., “Development of an apparatus to estimate coordinated exertion of force” Perceptual and Motor Skills, 94. 899-913. Jun 2002.
[9]	Oldfield, R.C., “The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh Inventory,” Neuropsychologia, 9 (1). 97-113. Mar 1971.
[10]	Annett M., “A classification of hand preference by association analysis,” The British Journal of Psychology, 61 (9). 303-321. Aug 1970.
[11]	Chapman, L.J. and Chapman, J.P., “The measurment of handedness” Brain and Cognition, 6 (2). 175-183. Apr 1987.
[12]	Demura, S., Sato, S. and Nagasawa,Y., “Re-examination of useful items for determining hand dominance,” Medica Italiana Archivio per le Scienze Mediche, 169-177.
[13]	Crosby, C.A., Wehbe, M.A. and Mawr, B., “Hand strength: normative values” The Journal of hand surgery, 19 (4). 665-670. Jul 1994.
[14]	Richard, A., Schmidt, Craig, A. Wrisberg, Motor Learning and Performance With Web Study Guide - 4th Edition: A Situation-Based Learning Approach, Human Kinetics; 4 edition, 2007
[15]	Ohtsuki, H., Hasebe, S., Okano, M. and Furuse, T., “Comparison of surgical results of responders and non-responders to the prism adaptation test in intermittent exotropia,” Acta Ophthalmology Scandinavica, 75 (5). 528-531. Oct 1997.