Effects of Participation Frequency of Rehabilitation Classroom on Physical Functions and Their Sex-related Differences in Elderly Patients with Cardiac Diseases during Maintenance Period

Hiroe Sugimoto^1, , Shinichi Demura² and Yoshinori Nagasawa³

¹Kansai Childcare Welfare Technical School, Hyogo, Japan

²Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan

³Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Kyoto, Japan

Cite this paper

Hiroe Sugimoto, Shinichi Demura and Yoshinori Nagasawa. Effects of Participation Frequency of Rehabilitation Classroom on Physical Functions and Their Sex-related Differences in Elderly Patients with Cardiac Diseases during Maintenance Period. American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2017; 5(1):5-10. doi: 10.12691/AJSSM-5-1-2

Abstract

Effective exercise therapy in rehabilitation during maintenance period is important for the extension of life expectancy in the elderly patients with cardiac diseases. The effects of different participation frequencies in rehabilitation classes on physical functions in this cohort and their sex-related differences have been little examined. This study aimed to examine the effects of different participation frequency in rehabilitation classes on physical function, and sex-related differences. Participants were 167 elderly individuals with cardiac diseases during maintenance period (males, n = 78; mean age, 76.5 years; SD = 6.0 years; females, n = 89; mean age, 75.5 years; SD = 4.5 years) who registered for a 1-year twice a week exercise therapy program. They performed eight physical functioning tests 1 year later. Participants were classified into a low participation group that demonstrated <40% adherence (male, 17; female, 17) and a high participation group that demonstrated ≥70% adherence (male, 29; female, 46) based on participation rates in the exercise therapy program for 1 year. A significant interaction was found for one-legged balance with eyes open; this effect was stronger in the high participation group than in the low participation group in males, and higher in females than in males in the low participation group. Sit-ups and 6-min walking were superior in the high participation group compared with the low participation group. Males were superior in grip strength and sit-up. Females were superior in sitting trunk flexion. In conclusion, elderly patients with high participation frequency in rehabilitation classes were superior in muscle endurance and total endurance compared with those with low participation frequency. Males were superior in muscle strength and muscle endurance; females were superior in flexibility.

Keywords

cardiac diseases, during maintenance period, participation frequency, physical function

Copyright

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

[1]	van den Akker, M., Buntinx F., Metsemakers JF., Roos S., and Knottnerus JA., “Multimorbidity in general practice: prevalence, incidence, and determinants of co-occurring chronic and recurrent diseases,” J Clin Epidemiol ,51.367-375.1985.
[2]	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Summary of Population Survey Report. Available at: http://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/life/life13/dl/life13-14.pdf. [accessed 2015 Sep 1].
[3]	Rockville., Cardiac Rehabilitation AHCPR Clinical Practice Guidelines, No.17 Cardiac Rehabilitation Guideline Panel., “Agency for Health Care Policy and Research.” Cardiac Rehabilitation (AHCPR), 96-672. 1995.
[4]	Möller-Leimkühler, AM., “Women with coronary artery disease and depression: a neglected risk group.,” World J Biol Psychiatry, 9. 92-101. 2008.
[5]	Audelin, MC., Savage, PD., and Ades, PA., “Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for very old patients (> or =75 years): focus on physical function,” J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev,28. 163-173. 2008.
[6]	Nakamura, Y., Tanaka, K., Yabushita, N., Sakai, T., and Shigematsu, R., “Effects of exercise frequency on functional fitness in older adult women,” Arch Gerontol Geriatr,44. 163-73. 2007.
[7]	Sato, D., Kaneda, K., Wakabayashi, H., and Nomura, T., “Comparison two-year effects of once-weekly and twice-weekly water exercise on health-related quality of life of community-dwelling frail elderly people at a day-service facility,” Disabil Rehabil, 31. 84-93. 2009.
[8]	Nieuwland, W., Berkhuysen, MA., van, Veldhuisen. DJ., “Differential effects of high-frequency versus low-frequency exercise training in rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease,” J Am Coll Cardiol, 36. 202-207. 2006.
[9]	Taaffe, DR., Dure,t C., Wheeler, S., and Marcus, R., “Once-weekly resistance exercise improves muscle strength and neuromuscular performance in older adults,” J Am Geriatr Soc, 47. 1208-1214. 1999.
[10]	Shigematsu, R., and Nakanishi, R., “How frequency of exercise intervention affects exercise adherence, functional fitness, visual attention, and quality of life among frail elderly persons,” Japan J. Phys. Educ. Hlth. Sport Sci , 56. 403-412. 2011.
[11]	Kurose, S., Imai M, Kagitani, K., Shitino, Y., Yamashita, M., Uenishi, K., Hamamithi, S., Masuda, I., and Hashimoto, T., “Comparison physical fitness in patients with or without cardiac disease during a maintenance phase of cardiac re-habilitation,” J Ass of Cardiac Rehabil, 14. 263-268. 2009.
[12]	Sugimoto, H., Demura, S., and Nagasawa, Y., “Age and gender-related differences in physical functions of the elderly following one-year regular exercise therapy,” Health, 6. 792-801. 2014.
[13]	Hamazaki, H., “The effect of the sports method of treatment to a heart disease,” Japan Pharmaceutical Library Association, 2001, 46. 1-6. 2001.
[14]	Demura, S, Health and sports science lecture, 2nd edn. Tokyo, Anrin Publisher, Tokyo, 2012, 38-47.
[15]	Ministry of Education Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. A new fitness test - meaningful utilization. Tokyo, Gyosei Pubisshers, 2000.
[16]	Podsiadlo, D., and Richardson,S., “The timed“up & go”; Atestof basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons,” J Am Geriatr Soc, 39, 142-148. 1991.
[17]	Industrial Safety and Health Association. Self check by which fall is Mishap risk categories Implementation manual material 7. Available at: http://www.mhlw.go.jp/new-info/kobetu/roudou/gyousei/anzen/dl/101006-1a_07.pdf. [accessed 1.09.2015].
[18]	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Nursing prevention manual revise and function improvement manual of a movement container. Available at http://www.mhlw.go.jp/topics/2009/05/dl/tp0501-1_03.pdf. [accessed 2015 Sep 1].
[19]	Mizumoto, A., Takeuchi, O., “Basics and Considerations for Reporting Effect Sizes in Research Papers,” English Language Education Society, 31. 57-66. 2008.
[20]	Kanehisa, H., Miyatani, M., Azuma, K., Kuno, and S., “Fukunaga T. Influences of age and sex on abdominal muscle and subcutaneous fat thickness,” Eur J Appl Physiol, 91. 534-537. 2004.
[21]	Ota, M., Ikezoe, T., Kaneoka, K., and Ichihashi, N., “Age-related changes in the thickness of the deep and superficial abdominal muscles in women,” Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 55 (2). 26-30. 2012.
[22]	Barnett, A., Smith, B., Lord, SR., Williams, M., and Baumand, A., “Community-based group exercise improves balance and reduces falls in at-risk older people: a randomised controlled trial,” Age Ageing, 32: 407-414. 2003.
[23]	Murata, S., Otao, H., Murata, J., Horie, J., Miyazaki, J., Yamasaki, S., and Mizota, k., “Relationships between Ability to Raise the Upper Body and Physical and Psychological Functions of Community-Dwelling Elderly,” J Phys Ther Sci, 25. 115-119. 2010.
[24]	Kimura, M., Hirakawa, K., Okuno, T., Oda, Y., Morimoto,T., Kitani, T, Fujita, D., and nagata, H., “An analysis of physical fitness in the aged people with fitness battery test,” Jpn J Phys Fitness Sports Med, 38. 75-185. 1989.
[25]	Sugimoto, H., Nagasawa, Y., Shimomura, M., Chiba, M., “Demura S. Changes in physical fitness and sex difference after rehabilitation in one-year for elderly persons with cardiac disease during the maintenance period,” Japanese Society of Education and Health Science, 57. 225-232. 2012.
[26]	Kinugasa, T., Haga, S., Esaki, K., et al. “Exercise intervention study on the physical fitness, functional capacity and health status of low-fit elderly people living in the community,” Japan Soc Exerc Sports Physiol, 12. 67-73. 2012.
[27]	Tsuji, I., Tamagawa, A., Nagatomi, R., et al. “Randomized controlled trial of exercise training for older people (SendaiSilver Center Trial; SSCT): study design and primaryoutcome,” J Epidemiol, 10 (1). 55-64. 2000.